Industries
1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Ans: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods like the iron and steel industry, the extraction of minerals like the coal mining industry and the provision of services like the tourism industry.
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Ans: Factors Affecting Location of Industries
Setting up an industry leads to development and growth in that area. Factors influencing industry location include:
- Easy availability of raw materials and land.
- Adequate supply of water and labor.
- Access to power and transport.
- Presence of markets and capital.
- Government incentives like subsidized power, lower transport costs, and infrastructural facilities to promote industries in economically backward regions.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
Ans: Steel is known as the backbone of modern industry because it is used in almost everything we use or make. It serves as a feeder industry, providing raw materials for other sectors.
(iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Ans: The cotton textile industry in Mumbai experienced rapid growth due to favorable factors like warm and moist climate, proximity to the port, easy access to raw materials, and availability of skilled labor.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located in
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujarat
(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
3. Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
Ans:
| Agro-based Industries | Mineral-based Industries |
|---|---|
| Use plant and animal-based products as raw materials. | Utilize mineral ores as raw materials. |
| Source of employment for people in rural areas. | Source of employment for both rural and urban populations. |
| Examples: Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, leather. | Examples: Steel and Iron Industries, Heavy Machinery industries. |
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Ans:
| Public Sector Industries | Joint Sector Industries |
|---|---|
| Owned and operated by the government. | Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. |
| Examples: Steel Authority of India Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. | Example: Maruti Udyog Limited. |
| Focus on public welfare and national interest. | Shareholders include both the government and private investors. |
4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :
(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________
Answer: Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
Answer: Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
Answer: Transport and banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
Answer: Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
Answer: pottery and basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________
Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)
