Resource and Development
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
(ii) Under which of the following type of resources can tidal energy not be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand
(v) In which of the following states is black soil predominantly found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Ans: Black soil, also known as Regur soil, is found in several states in India. Here are three states known for their black soil and the main crops grown in them:
Maharashtra: Main Crop: Cotton is the primary crop grown in black soil regions of Maharashtra. Soybeans, groundnuts, and sorghum (jowar) are also cultivated in this type of soil.
Gujarat: Main Crop: Cotton is a major crop grown in black soil areas of Gujarat. Other crops like groundnuts, castor, and pearl millet (bajra) are also cultivated in these regions.
Madhya Pradesh: Main Crop: Madhya Pradesh also has extensive areas of black soil where soybeans, chickpeas (gram), and groundnuts are the predominant crops.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans:The soil found in the river deltas of the eastern coast is "Alluvial soil," and its main features are:
High fertility: The soil in the eastern coast river deltas is highly fertile, making it excellent for crop cultivation.
Fine-grained texture: It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay
Varied colors: Alluvial soil can exhibit a range of colors, including light gray, grayish-brown, or even dark brown.
Varied colors: Alluvial soil can exhibit a range of colors, including light gray, grayish-brown, or even dark brown.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Ans: Preventing soil erosion in hills is vital to preserve fertile soil and slope stability. These are several steps that can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly terrain:
Contour Plowing: Plowing across hill contours prevents water runoff, reducing soil erosion.
Terrace Farming: Building step-like terraces retains water, curbing erosion on slopes.
Strip Cropping: Alternating erosion-resistant and vulnerable crop strips mitigates soil erosion on hillsides.
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans: Biotic resources come from the biosphere and include living things like people, plants, animals, and fisheries, such as forests and animals.
Abiotic resources are made of non-living things like rocks, metals, land, water, and soil.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.
Ans: Land use is influenced by physical factors like terrain, climate, and soil, as well as human factors such as population, technology, and culture. The distribution of cultivated land varies widely among states. For instance, Punjab and Haryana have over 80% cultivated land, while states like Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have less than 10%.
The forested area in India falls short of the desired 33% outlined in the National Forest Policy of 1952, impacting ecological balance. Some land is considered wasteland and used for non-agricultural purposes like settlements, infrastructure, and industry, including rocky, arid, and desert regions.Long-term, unmanaged land use has led to land degradation.
(ii) How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans: Several factors have driven technical and economic development, ultimately leading to resource overconsumption:
Colonial Exploitation: During colonial times, powerful nations used their technological and economic advantages to control other countries, gaining access to their resources. This allowed the colonial rulers and their citizens to consume more resources from these regions.
Technical Advancements: Technological progress has led to the creation of inefficient machinery, increased production, and a surge in resource consumption.
Population Growth: Economic growth and technological advancements have reduced mortality rates across all age groups. Medical and healthcare advancements have lowered deaths from accidents, diseases, and childbirth. This population increase has also driven up resource consumption.
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans: Biotic resources come from the biosphere and include living things like people, plants, animals, and fisheries, such as forests and animals.
Abiotic resources are made of non-living things like rocks, metals, land, water, and soil.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.
Ans: Land use is influenced by physical factors like terrain, climate, and soil, as well as human factors such as population, technology, and culture. The distribution of cultivated land varies widely among states. For instance, Punjab and Haryana have over 80% cultivated land, while states like Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have less than 10%.
The forested area in India falls short of the desired 33% outlined in the National Forest Policy of 1952, impacting ecological balance. Some land is considered wasteland and used for non-agricultural purposes like settlements, infrastructure, and industry, including rocky, arid, and desert regions.Long-term, unmanaged land use has led to land degradation.
(ii) How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans: Several factors have driven technical and economic development, ultimately leading to resource overconsumption:
Colonial Exploitation: During colonial times, powerful nations used their technological and economic advantages to control other countries, gaining access to their resources. This allowed the colonial rulers and their citizens to consume more resources from these regions.
Technical Advancements: Technological progress has led to the creation of inefficient machinery, increased production, and a surge in resource consumption.
Population Growth: Economic growth and technological advancements have reduced mortality rates across all age groups. Medical and healthcare advancements have lowered deaths from accidents, diseases, and childbirth. This population increase has also driven up resource consumption.
